Premature Resignation?

WHITE has just played 23.Bb2-a3 in Spanton (1934) - Peter J Lynch (1651), Bendirom U2000 Round 8.

Black resigned … was he right to do so?

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Clearly Black has to save his queen.
Stockfish10 gives 23...Qc8 24.Bxe7 Bxb5 25.Qxb5 Qd7 26.Bxd8 with an advantage to White worth more than six pawns. If in this line Black plays the natural-looking 24...Re7, the engine gives 25.Rae1 f5 26.c4 Bf7 27.Nd6 with an advantage worth more than seven pawns.
Komodo10 gives 23...Qe3 24.Nc7 Bxa4 25.Qb2 Nd7 26.Nxa8 Rxa8 27.d4 with an advantage worth more than four pawns. If in this line Black plays the natural-looking 24...Rac8, the engine gives 25.Rae1 Bxa4 26.Qb1 Nc4 27.dxc4 Qxc3 28.Bxe7 Rd7 29.d6 with an advantage worth more than six pawns.
It is fair to say that, from an engine's viewpoint, resignation was justified. But I suspect few humans would have done so.