Showing posts with label Göring Gambit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Göring Gambit. Show all posts

Wednesday, 13 August 2025

Lessons From Liverpool: Objecting To Objectivity

MY round-three game, in which I was Black against Stephen Pickles (1931 ECF/2280 Fide), began 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3.
I was surprised after the game to find this position 'only' occurs 6,921 times in ChessBase's 2025 Mega database, despite games going back to 1843
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The four commonest continuations, in ascending order of popularity are 4...Nf6, 4...d3, 4...d5 and 4...dxc3, but titled players have also tried 4...Qe7 and even 4...Nge7.
For what it is worth, Stockfish17 and Dragon1 reckon taking on c3 is best, and I suspect that is what my opponent wanted, as in the postmortem he said he had hoped I would play something more interesting than my choice of 4...d5.
I was reminded of an incident in my first 'overseas' tournament, Guernsey 1989, when my round-five game, where I was White, began 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 NF6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nf3 Nxe4 5.Qe2.
I won, but afterwards my opponent complained bitterly that it was ridiculous to "come all this way" and play such boring chess.
Anyway, getting back to Liverpool, my choice may have been 'uninteresting', but it was practical for a human, as White's scores against Black's fourth-move options suggest.
Move      White's % in Mega25
4...dxc3                62
4...d5                    52
4...d3                    56
4...Nf6                  59
4...Qe7                 63
4...Nge7               42(!)
It would seem 4...Nge7 deserves further investigation (among those who have won with it are Victor Ciocâltea, Alexander V Tolush and Jonny Hector), but of the main moves the practical choice, especially if caught unprepared, is surely 4...d5.
LESSON: the objectively best move may not produce the best results.

Wednesday, 6 August 2025

British 65+ Championship Round Three

FACED the top seed, an Australian.

Stephen Pickles (1931 ECF/2280 Fide) - Spanton (1947 ECF/1982 Fide)
Göring Gambit
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3!?
This is the third-most popular continuation, but well-behind 4.Bc4 and especially 4.Nxd4. However it is still sometimes played by grandmasters, who are perhaps partly attracted by the fact it scores 58% in ChessBase's 2025 Mega database, a percentage point better than 4.Bc4 and three percentage points better than 4.Nxd4.
How should Black respond?
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4...d5
In the postmortem SP said he had hoped I would play something more interesting.
Stockfish17 and Dragon1 marginally prefer the 'more interesting' 4...dxc3, but Black's score of 38% in Mega25 compares unfavourably with the second player's total of 48% after the text.
5.cxd5 Qxd5 6.cxd4 Bg4 7.Be2 Bb4+
Not 7...Bxf3 8.Bxf3 Qxd4?? 9.Bxc6+ etc, although there are three examples of this sequence in Mega25, including three years ago in a world championship tournament (for girls under 10).
8.Nc3 Bxf3!?
This was first played in Frank Marshall - José Capablanca, Lake Hopatcong (New Jersey) 1926.
9.Bxf3 Qc4!?
This was the point behind Capablanca giving up the bishop-pair.
How should White proceed?
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10.Qb3!?
Marshall - Capablanca went 10.Be3!? Bxc3+ 11.bxc3 Qxc3+ 12.Kf1!? Qc4+ 13.Kg1!? Nge7 14.Rc1!? Qxa2 15.Ra1 Qc4 16.Rc1 ½–½.
The main line in Mega25 runs 10.Bxc6+ bxc6!? 11.Qe2+ Qxe2+ 12.Kxe2 0-0-0 13.Be3 Ne7, with an equal position, according to the engines.
10...Qxb3
10...Qxd4?! has been played by a 2430, but White almost certainly has more than enough for a pawn, eg 11.0-0 Nge7 12.Bxc6+ Nxc6 (12...bxc6? 13.Be3 Qh4 14.g3 Qg4 15.h3!?) 13.Re1+ with a strong attack.
11.axb3 Nxd4!?
The main continuation runs 11...Nge7 12.0-0 a6 13.Ra4!? Bd6, when Dragon1 gives White a slight edge, but Stockfish17 calls the position equal.
12.Bxb7 Nc2+ 13.Ke2!?
The engines agree this is best, even though it leaves the c2 square undefended. After 13.Kd1 Nxa1 14.Bxa8 (14.Bc6+!?) Ne7 they reckon Black is at least equal, and if, as in the game, 15.Nd5?!, then 15...Kd7 is good.
13...Nxa1 14.Bxa8
Dragoljub Velimirović played 14.Bc6+!? Kf8 15.Bxa8 in the 1970s against Vassily Smyslov, Béla Tóth and Mikhail Tal, beating Tóth and drawing with the other two.
14...Ne7 15.Nd5
SP said he was out of book after this move.
What should Black play?
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15...0-0?
The engines suggest 15...Bd6, eg 16.Nxe7 Kxe7 17.Bd5 Rb8!? 18.Bg5+ f6 19.Bxf6+ Kxf6 20.Rxa1 Rb5, with what they reckon is sufficient play for a pawn (White's extra pawn being anyway doubled and isolated).
16.Nxe7?
Joost Hoogendoorn (2391) - Maarten Solleveld (2414), Netherlands Team Championship 2000, went 16.Nxb4 Rxa8 17.Bg5 (1-0, 54 moves).
16...Bxe7 17.Bd5 Nc2 18.Rd1 Bd6 19.Kd3!?
Giving up the bishop-pair to activate the king. Possibly better is 19.Bd2 Re8+ 20.Kf1 Nb4 21.Bc4, with a slight edge for White, according to the engines.
19...Nb4+ 20.Kc4 Nxd5 21.Rxd5
21.Kxd5?! allows 21...Bxh2 as 22.g3?? loses to 22...Rd8+ etc.
21...Rb8!?
SP said he was surprised at this, having expected 21...Re8, which may be slightly better.
22.Be3 Rb4+ 23.Kc3 Rb7
How should White continue?
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24.Bc5
Dragon1 reckons 24.Kc2 gives the upper hand, but Stockfish17 calls the position equal.
If 24.Bf4!?, then 24...Rb6 (24...Bxf4?? 25.Rd8#) 25.Bxd6 cxd6 holds.
24...Bxc5 25.Rxc5  ½–½
Not 25.Rd8+?? Bf8.

Tuesday, 7 April 2020

New Spice (part three)

CONCLUSIONS
The Göring Gambit can make a refreshing change from better-known lines in double e-pawn openings.
There is very little theory that has to be learned, and the main ideas for White can be picked up fairly quickly.
Whether accepted or declined, the gambit usually leads to open positions in which tactics dominate.
It really is one of those openings in which an experience of, and a feel for, the positions that arise is more important than knowing precise move-orders.
If Black knows what he is doing, he should be able to get a reasonable game. But as we saw in B), even grandmasters can apparently misunderstand a basic point about the opening.
In my praxis, the position after 4.c3 has appeared 17 times, with White winning 10 games, drawing four and only losing three.
That is a success rate of 71%, well above White's usual score of about 55%. Alas, I was Black in more games than I was White.
What follows is one game from my praxis for each of the four sections above, showing how the Göring Gambit at club level can easily vary from the theoretical norm.
A) 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 dxc3
William Stanton (191) - Spanton (147)
Highbury (London) rapidplay 1991
5.Nxc3 Bb4 6.Bc4 d6 7.0-0 Bxc3 8.bxc3 Be6
Earlier the same year, against the same opponent in another Highbury rapidplay, I played 8...Nge7? After 9.Ng5 Ne5 10.Bb3 h6 11.f4! Bg4 White could have got a strong attack by, say, 12.Qe1 hxg5 13.fxe5 0-0 14.Qg3. Stanton played the inferior 12.Qd4?, which allowed the tempo-gaining 12...N7c6. I was better for much of the game, but my scoresheet ends at move 27 - we both spent a lot of time in the complications - and he eventually won.
Botterill recommended 8...Bg4, but said 8...Be6 is also good. Kaufman only covered the main move, 8...Nf6, as seen in Yuchtman - Tal.
9.Bxe6 fxe6 10.Qb3 Qd7
How should White proceed?
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11.Ng5!?
White normally takes with 11.Qxb7, after which 11...Rb8 12.Qa6 Nf6 13.Qe2 is level, according to the engines.
The text is in keeping with Stanton's attacking style - he liked to be a pawn down with compensation, rather than a pawn up but on the back foot.
11...e5?!
Saving the e pawn but ceding the initiative. It is probably better to offer the pawn back with 11...0-0-0, eg 12.Qxe6 Nf6 13.Qxd7+ Rxd7 14.f3 Re8, when the engines reckon Black is slightly better.
12.f4 Nf6 13.fxe5 Nxe5 14.Qxb7?
Restoring material equality, but now Black regains the initiative. The engines reckon White is better after pursuing development with 14.Bf4.
14...Qc6?!
Probably even stronger is 14...0-0.
15.Qb3 Qb6+ 16.Kh1 Qxb3 17.axb3
The opening is over, and Black has emerged with a small edge thanks to the dominating knight on e5.
17...Ke7?!
Probably better is short castling, or 17...Kd7, and if, as in the game, 18.Bf4, then 18...Rhe8 supports the knight (meaning Bxe5 does not have to be met by ...dxe5) and applies latent pressure against e4.
18.Bf4 h6?!
Another doubtful move. 18...Nd3 is equal.
19.Bxe5 dxe5 20.Nf3 Ke6?
The engines reckon White is only slightly better after 20...Rhe8 or 20...Rhb8.
21.Ra6+ Kd7
Best as 21...Ke7? 22.Nxe5 leaves White threatening a major fork on g6 and a lesser one on c6..
22.Nxe5+ Kc8 23.Ng6 Re8 24.e5 (1-0, 46 moves)
**********
B) 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 Nf6
David B Graham (2265) - Spanton (2115)
Hastings Challengers 1998-99
5.e5 Ne4 6.cxd4
This is second in popularity to 6.Qe2.
6...Bb4+ 7.Nbd2 d6 8.Bd3
From my original notes I see I was more concerned about 8.Bb5, but I cannot recall why!
8...Nxd2 9.Bxd2 0-0!?
This seems to be a novelty - it still does not appear in ChessBase's latest version of its Mega database. Robert Zelčić (2495) - Gordan Lazović (2325), Pula (Croatia) 1996, saw 9...Bxd2+ 10.Qxd2 Bg4 11.Qe3 Qe7 with an approximately equal game (but 1-0, 31 moves).
10.Be4!?
Not 10.Bxh7+?? Kxh7 11.Ng5+?? Qxg5.
The text comes to be Komodo10's choice, and is regarded as reasonable by Stockfish10, although the latter very slightly prefers 10.0-0, meeting 10...dxe5 with 11.Nxe5 Qxd4 12.Nxc6 bxc6 13.Bxb4 Qxb4 14.Qc2, claiming full compensation for the sacrificed pawn.
10...d5 11.Bc2
The idea behind White's play is that Black has been induced to reduce the pressure on White's centre. However, this has taken time, and it seems that after …
11...Bg4
… Black is at least equal.
12.Bc3 f6
Renewing pressure on the white centre. Playing ...f6 weakens the e6 square, but White is in no position to take advantage.
13.Qd3 g6 14.0-0-0!?
Ambitious but very double-edged. The black king's position has been loosened by Black's last two moves, but Black's pieces are better co-ordinated for immediate action. The engines suggest 14.Bd1!?, but that is hardly appetising.
14...fxe5 15.dxe5 Bxc3 16.Qxc3 Bxf3 17.gxf3 Qg5+ 18.Kb1 Qxe5 19.Qxe5 Nxe5 20.Rxd5 Nxf3
After a long sequence of fairly forcing captures, and a check, Black emerges a pawn to the good, but now white gets a rook to the seventh.
21.Rd7 Rad8!
Giving back the pawn, but remaining active. After 21...Rac8, White more-or-less equalises by a sequence such as 22.Be4 Ne5 (22...b6 is met by 23.Bb7) 23.Re7 Nc6 24.Bd5+ Kh8 25.Bxc6 bxc6 26.Rf1, after which Black's winning chances are minimal.
22.Rxc7 Rf7 23.Rxf7 Kxf7
White has the advantage of a bishop, rather than a knight, working with a rook. But Black has fewer pawn-islands, and all three black pieces are more active than the white ones.
24.Bd1 Nd4 25.Re1 Kf6 26.Kc1 h5!?
I believe it is correct to restrict the bishop in this way.
27.Re3 b6
I offered a draw (the engines reckon Black is slightly better).
28.Ba4 h4 29.h3!?
This is Komodo10's choice, but putting a pawn on the same-coloured square as one's bishop is often controversial, especially here as now the h pawns are fixed, a factor that normally favours a knight over a bishop.
29...g5 30.Bd1
Preventing ...g4, which would be an option after, say, 30.a3?!
30...Ne6 31.Bg4 Nf4 32.Kc2 a5 33.Re4 Rd6 34.Re3 Rc6+ 35.Rc3?
The minor-piece ending is very difficult for White, so better is 35.Kd2.
35...Rxc3+ 36.Kxc3 Ke5 37.Kc4?!
The engines suggest 37.Bc8, eg 37...Nd5+ 38.Kc4, but much prefer Black after 38...Nf6 39.Kd3 Kf4.
37...Ke4 38.Kb5 Nxh3! 39.Bxh3 Kf3
Black wins because the black kingside pawns are so far advanced. One will cost White the bishop, and the other will queen after the f pawn is captured. Meanwhile, White's queenside pawns are still on their starting squares.
40.Bd7 g4 41.Kxb6 h3 42.Kxa5 h2 43.b4 Kxf2 44.Bxg4
Or 44.Bc6 g3 45.b5 g2 etc.
44...h1=Q 45.Be6
White offered a draw, but the game finished:
45...Qa8+ 46.Kb6 Qb8+ 47.Kc5 Qc7+ 48.Kd5 Qb7+ 0-1
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C) 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 d3?!
Spanton (2011) - Petr Benes (2087)
Liechtenstein 2011
5.Bxd3 Nf6?!
Normal is 5...d6.
6.0-0
Also strong is 6.e5 as, after 6...Ng4, White can play 7.0-0 since capturing on e5 loses a piece.
6...d6 7.Re1!?
Not very popular - one point being that White often plays f4 in the Göring, in which case the king's rook will almost certainly be better on f1.
Note that7.h3 transposes to Velimirović - Muratović from part two of this series.
7...Be7 8.Nbd2 0-0 9.Nf1!?
The engines prefer 9.h3 or 9.Nc4.
9...Ne5 10.Ne3 Re8
The engines prefer 10...Nxd3!?, although that trades a well-posted knight for a blunted bishop.
11.Nxe5 dxe5 12.Nd5 Nxd5 13.exd5 Bc5 14.b4!? Bb6?!
Almost certainly better is 14...Bf8 or 14...Bd6.
How should White proceed?
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15.c4?
Completely missing Black's reply. White has a strong position after 15.Bb2.
15...Bd4 16.Rb1 Qh4!?
Attacking on the kingside before White can exploit his queenside space advantage, but the engines prefer queenside counterplay with 16...a5, or kingside space-gaining with 16...f5.
17.Be3 Bg4 18.Qc2 g6 19.Bxd4 exd4 20.Qa4 Re7 21.Qc2?!
The engines give 21.h3 Bd7 22.Qa3 with what they reckon is a slight edge. At least it does not lose the clear tempo that the text represents.
21...Rae8 22.Qd2 Qf6?!
Swopping off all the rooks equalises, according to the engines. I guess the point is that the d4 pawn is more easily defendable with fewer pieces, as long as one of those pieces is a queen to keep the white king away.
23.h3?!
White is better, according to the engines, after 23.Rxe7 Rxe7 24.h3.
23...Bd7
The engines reckon 23...Rxe1+ 24.Rxe1 Rxe1+ 25.Qxe1 Bf5 is a complete equaliser.
24.Rxe7 Rxe7 25.Rd1
Finding the right plan, at last.
25...Ba4 26.Re1?!
I needed to keep a pair of rooks on for serious winning chances.
26...c6?!
Again ...Rxe1+ equalises.
27.Rxe7?!
It is hard for Black to meet 27.b5! The engines' main line runs 27...Rxe1+ 28.Qxe1 cxd5 29.cxd5, when Black has serious problems coordinating his pieces, eg 29...Qd6 30.Qa5 Bd1 31.Bc4 Qc5 32.d6! Qxd6 33.Qxa7, when White is winning, according to Stockfish10, although Komodo10 is less enthusiastic.
27...Qxe7 28.dxc6 Bxc6
Black offered a draw in my time, but I played on in what quickly became an error-strewn queen-and-pawn ending (1-0, 54 moves).
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D) 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 d5
Jovanka Houska (158) - Spanton (161)
Sutton (South London) 1994
This game illustrates how quickly Black can go wrong if he does not play Capablanca's equalising plan.
5.exd5 Qxd5 6.cxd4 Bg4 7.Nc3 Bb4 8.Be2 Nf6!?
Capablanca's plan starts with 8...Bxf3!?
The text is second in popularity in ChessBase's 2020 Mega database, but is not liked by the engines.
9.0-0
How should Black proceed?
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9...Qh5?
Grandmaster Alexander Onischuk played the better 9...Bxc3 in a win over an unrated junior at the 2001 World Open in Philadelphia.
10.Be3?!
Even better is 10.h3 with a strong initiative, whether Black captures on f3 or retreats the bishop.
10...0-0-0?
Better is 10...0-0, but 11.h3 is good for White.
11.h3 Bxh3?!
Desperate, but White has the upper hand after both 11..Bxf3 12.Bxf3 and 11..Be6 12.Ne5.
12.Ne5!
Best, but 12.gxh3 Qxh3 13.Ng5 is also good enough.
12...Qf5 13.Nxc6 Qg6!?
Also losing is 13...bxc6 14.gxh3 Qxh3 15.Bf4.
14.g3??
White wins easily after 14.Nxa7+ or 14.Bf3.
14...Bd6??
14...bxc6 15.Re1 Bg4 is equal, according to the engines.
15.Bd3 Bf5 16.Bxf5+ Qxf5 17.Nxd8 (1-0, 22 moves)
A reminder of how tactics often dominate in the Göring Gambit.

Monday, 6 April 2020

New Spice (part two)

IN part one under A) I looked at accepting the Göring Gambit, but Black has three main ways to decline it.
B) 4...Nf6
This is the "most interesting" way, according to Botterill in Open Gambits, although it is less popular in Mega20 than 4...d3 or 4...d5.
White normally replies 5.e5, reaching a position that more-usually arises from a Ponziani move-order, viz 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.e5.
Bologan's recommendation in one of the Ponziani sections of his Black Weapons is 5...Nd5, which has been played by Magnus Carlsen but is not even worth considering, according to Botterill, who recommended 5...Ne4 6.Qe2 f5 7.exf6 d5. After that the main line runs 8.Nbd2 Qxf6 (after Botterill's recommendation of 8...d3 9.Qe3 Bc5 10.fxg7 Rg8 11.Nd4, the engines reckon White is quite a bit better whatever Black plays, although the position is complicated) 9.Nxe4 dxe4 10.Qxe4+ Qe6 11.Bd3 dxc3 12.0-0 Qxe4 13.Bxe4, which the engines reckon is slightly better for White. However, as in many of these lines a final verdict cannot really be given as there is much for both sides to investigate.
Position after 5...Nd5
Guanchu Liu (2445) - Jun Xu (2493)
Chinese Team Championship (Hangzhou) 2018
6.Qb3!?
More popular is 6.cxd4, but the text is more dynamic and quickly leads to a position in which Black often falls into a positional trap.
6...Nb6 7.cxd4 d5?!
"The main reason why White scores very well [with 6.Qb3] is that moves like 7...d5 and 7...Bb4 are … popular" - Bologan.
If a grandmaster, and twice champion of China, can play ...d5, then so can many of our opponents. It is dodgy because Black should be attacking White's spearhead pawn on e5.
Bologan recommended the "Phildor Undermining" 7...d6, and after 8.Bb5 gave the interesting 8...Be7!? (the main line in Mega20 runs 8...Bd7 9.0-0 Be7, when 10.exd6 seems to give White an edge whichever way Black recaptures) 9.d5 a6 10.Ba4 Nxa4 11.Qxa4 b5 12.Qe4 Na5. This was tried the year after his book came out in a game in which a white 2257 drew with a black 2305.
8.Bb5 Bd7 9.0-0 a6 10.Bg5!? Be7 11.Bxc6 Bxc6 12.Bxe7 Qxe7 13.Nbd2 0-0
By straightforward means, White has gained an edge - a large one, according to Stockfish10. Black's bishop is bad and White has pressure down the c file. However, the game was eventually drawn.
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C) 4...d3?!
Calling this move dubious may seem a bit strong, especially as it has been played by grandmasters, but the engines actually call it a mistake.
Black spends a tempo, the main purpose of which is to stop White capturing on d4 with the c3 pawn. Black also hopes that preventing White developing his queen's knight to c3 will prove an irritant. But the knight can be usefully developed via d2, and the pawn on c3 reduces Black's chances of forcing simplifying exchanges. Botterill's judgment was that White has "slightly the better prospects because he has more space."
Position after 4...d3?!
Dragoljub Velimirović (2472) - Alija Muratović (2417)
Serbian Team League 2005
5.Bxd3 d6
If 5...Bc5, then Nimzowitsch's 6.b4!?, as played in a win over Spielmann in 1905, gives White much the better game, according to the engines.
6.h3
The engines prefer 6.0-0!?, and if 6...Bg4, which 6.h3 is designed to stop, then 7.Qb3 Bxf3 8.Qxb7 Nge7 9.gxf3, when they reckon White has the upper hand despite a weakened king's position.
6...Nf6 7.0-0 Be7 8.Nd4 0-0 9.f4!?
Velimirović played 9.Nd2 in games against Keres and Donner in the 1966, and Ivkov 10 years later, beating Donner and drawing with the other two.
The engines want White to swop on c6.
9...Re8
This is the most-played move here, but the engines prefer 9...d5!? or 9...Nxd4!?
10.Nd2 Bf8 11.Qc2
By transposition we have also reached the position in Velimirović's games against Keres and Donner, which saw 11...g6 12.N2f3, and now Keres's 12...Bg7 is probably better than Donner's 12...Bd7, but in both cases Velimirović seems to have been better.
11...Nh5!? 12.N2f3 g6 13.Nxc6!?
Often players are reluctant to make this exchange because, although Black's queenside is weakened, he gets more influence in the centre.
13...bxc6 14.f5!?
Part of an interesting plan to sac the exchange, although the engines reckon the simple 14.g4 is stronger.
14...Ng3 15.fxg6 hxg6 16.Bg5!?
He could have changed his mind about sacrificing the exchange by playing 16.Re1, which the engines reckon favours White.
16...f6 17.Bh4
Both players are now committed.
17...Nxf1 18.Rxf1 g5?!
The engines prefer 18...Be7, when Stockfish10 gives White an edge but Komodo10 rates the position even.
19.e5!
Muratović must have missed this as it appears to be clearly winning for White in all lines.
19...dxe5
If 19...gxh4, then 20.Bh7+ Kh8 21.Qg6, eg 21...Bg7 22.Ng5! fxg5 23.Rf7 Rg8 24.Qh5, and mate cannot be stopped.
20.Bc4+ Kh8
Perhaps the best try is the engines' 20...Be6, when 21.Qg6+ Bg7 22.Bxe6+ Rxe6 23.Nxg5! fxg5 (or 23...Rd6 24.Qh7+ Kf8 25.Bf2!) 24.Qxe6+ Kh8 25.Bg3 is level on material, but Black has six isolated pawns, a bad bishop and an exposed king.
21.Qg6 Be6
Not 21...gxh4? 22.Qg8#.
22.Nxg5! fxg5 23.Rxf8+
The combinations keep coming.
23...Rxf8 24.Qh6+ Kh8 25.Bxe6+ Rf7 26.Qg6+ Kh8 28.Bxf7
Threatens 29.Qh6#.
28...Qd1+ 29.Kh2 Qd6 30.Be6 1-0
If 30...Qf8, then 31.Bxg5 etc.
**********
D) 4...d5
Although 4...dxc3 is more popular in Mega20, I believe this is the move one should expect at club level.
After 5.exd5 Qxd5 6.cxd4 Bg4 (6...Bb4+ is nearly always a harmless transposition) 7.Nc3 (7.Be2 usually comes to the same thing) Bb4 8.Be2, we reach a position of great historic interest.
Position after 8.Be2
Ian Heppell (182 ECF) - Spanton (171 ECF)
London League Division One 2018-19
8...Bxf3
I include one of my games, not purely out of vanity or because it was particularly well played, but to show how theoretical best-play in the 4...d5 variation has become common knowledge even among club players.
The text was first played by Capablanca against Marshall at Lake Hopatcong (New Jersey) 1926.
9.Bxf3 Qc4
Not 9...Qxd4?? 10.Bxc6+.
Capablanca's idea is to forestall easy castling by White, obliging White to exchange queens, after which the isolated d pawn is more likely to be an endgame weakness than a middlegame strength.
10.Bxc6+
Marshall insisted on a middlegame by playing 10.Be3!?, but after 10...Bxc3+ 11.bxc3 Qxc3+ 12.Kf1 (12.Be2!? Qd5 is nothing for White) Qc4+ 13.Kg1 Nge7 (all nine games in Mega20 saw this move, although Stockfish10 slightly prefers 13...Nf6!?), the players agreed a draw following 14.Rc1 Qxa2 15.Ra1 Qc4 16.Rc1.
10...bxc6!?
Bologan reckoned this is better than 10...Qxc6 because "the blockade of the d5 square is worth doubling the c pawns."
11.Qe2+ Qxe2 12.Kxe2 0-0-0 13.Be3 Ne7 14.Kd3!?
The main move, 14.Rhd1, was seen in Aldo Camilleri (196 ECF) - Spanton (167 ECF), Central London League 2018-19. It continued 14...Rhe8 15.a3 Ba5 16.Rac1 Nf5 17.Na4 (Stockfish10's choice) Nxd4+ 18.Kf1 Nb3 19.Rxd8+ Rxd8, when 20.Rxc6 Kb7 21.Rc2 would have been equal (and the game was drawn anyway).
The text is recommended by Karsten Müller and Martin Voigt in Danish Dynamite (Russell Enterprises 2002). The point is that the king is headed for c4, which Bologan reckoned is White's "main trump" after 13...Ne7.
14...Bxc3!?
Bologan reckoned Black had to play 14...c5 "if he wants to equalise in a relaxed manner." I rejected it because of 15.Kc4 cxd4 16.Bxd4, missing that Bologan's 16...Nc6 equalises. However, my novelty seems good enough.
15.bxc3 c5 16.Kc4 cxd4 17.Bxd4 Nc6 18.Rhe1
Not 18.Bxg7? Rhg8 with ...Rxg2 to come.
18...Nxd4 19.cxd4 Rhe8 20.Rad1 ½–½
(To be continued)

Sunday, 5 April 2020

New Spice

NONE of us has much idea when normal over-the-board chess activities will resume.
Some people are trying to make up for this by playing online more, but it is not the same thing.
A lot of players will, I am sure, be using their enforced absence from the board as an opportunity to spruce-up opening repertoires.
Now is a good time to remove some of the stodge and try to inject new spice into our favourite lines.
On the other hand, if we have managed to last this long without theory-laden sharp lines, why change now?
As a compromise, I am planning to put forward a number of sharp lines, often gambits, but lines which, while respectable, do not require memorising loads of theory.
For example, after 1.e4 e5 it is all-too-easy to suggest 2.f4. That would certainly add spice to most repertoires, but it requires a detailed theoretical knowledge.
Similarly, after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 it is a simple matter to suggest continuing 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4 - the Scotch Gambit.
But the Scotch Gambit has been deeply analysed for literally hundreds of years.
So instead, in part one of this series, I am starting with the Göring Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3!?
It is named after German master Carl Göring, although authors vary as to why, with some saying he introduced the line into master play, although the date of this varies.
In fact the gambit was played back in the 1840s by Howard Staunton, whose lead was followed in the 1850s by Alexander Meek and in the 1860s by Louis Paulsen and Albert Merian.
Other masters also experimented with it before the first known outings, largely unsuccessful, in the 1870s by Göring.
Be that as it may, the gambit's heyday came, long after those masters were dead, in the late 1950s and 1960s when it notched wins for the likes of Tal, Gufeld, Velimirović, Ribli, Ljubojević and, in Britain, Penrose and Levy.
The commonest response to the gambit is to accept with 4...dxc3, but Black's best results percentage-wise in ChessBase's 2020 Mega database come when it is declined with 4...d5.
I will also cover the two other main ways of declining the gambit, namely 4...d3 and 4...Nf6.
A) 4...dxc3
When George Botterill wrote Open Gambits (Batsford 1986), he felt obliged to admit he could not describe the Göring as "playable."
That verdict was effectively echoed by Larry Kaufman in The Chess Advantage In Black And White (McKay Chess Library, 2004), who recommended Black accepts the gambit as it "does not give White enough lead in development to fully offset the pawn sacrificed."
But then along came an even stronger author, Viktor Bologan, who in Bologan's Black Weapons In The Open Games (New In Chess, 2014) said he wanted to recommend acceptance but had found a sideline where he "wasn't able to find any advantage for Black."
After 4...dxc3, White can offer a second pawn with 5.Bc4!?, but I want to look at what I think can be called the main line, 5.Nxc3.
Position after 5.Nxc3
In some ways the position reminds me of the Morra Gambit in the Sicilian, except that in the diagram Black has a pawn on c7 instead of e7.
For White this is both good news (Black has less central influence) and bad news (Black is not so far behind in development, as he has opened a diagonal for his dark-square bishop).
From this it can be argued that the Morra is better than the Göring for White in the short term, but White's prospects in the long term are better in the Göring.
Jacob Yuchtman - Mikhail Tal
USSR Championship (Tbilisi) 1959
5...Bb4
Theoreticians are unanimous, as far as I can discover, in recommending this continuation for Black. Indeed Kaufman gives it in The Chess Advantage without comment.
The main alternative is 5...d6, after which 6.Bc4 is obvious and good, and the main line continues 6...Nf6 7.Qb3 Qd7! (7...Qe7 8.0-0 is embarrassing for Black in that the analysis engines Stockfish10 and Komodo10 reckon best now is 8...Qd7).
After 7...Qd7!, Whites overwhelmingly play 8.Ng5, but I am putting forward the calmer choice of the engines, namely 8.Qc2!?
This was played in a game in 2000 by German teenager Leonid Kritz - then a 'mere' 2424, but three years later a grandmaster.
The idea is that White does not need to rush matters. He has four development tempi - the knights, the queen and the light-square bishop - and has more space.
Black effectively only has two development tempi in that, while he has developed three pieces, it will take him an extra tempo to develop his light-square bishop as the c8-h3 diagonal is blocked by the black queen.
So 8.Qc2!? supports the e pawn and takes the string away from ...Na5, which would be an effective answer to 8.0-0.
A natural continuation after 8.Qc2!? is 8...Be7 9.0-0 (Kritz played 9.Bf4?! in his 2000 game and only drew) 0-0 10.Rd1!?, when the engines reckon Black's best is 10...Qe8!?, after which White's compensation is clear for all to see.
6.Bc4 d6 7.0-0
7.Ng5!? is little-played but liked by the engines at least as much as the text.
7...Bxc3
Black usually captures on c3 as soon as the knight is unpinned. Indeed Kaufman reckons Black's most precise move-order is 6...Bxc3+!? 7.bxc3 d6 so as to avoid White playing 7.Qb3, instead of 7.0-0, the idea being to meet ...Bxc3 with Qxc3.
8.bxc3 Nf6
The game reached this position by a different move-order: 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Nxc3 Nc6 5.Nf3 Bb4 6.Bc4 Nf6 7.0-0 Bxc3 8.bxc3 d6.
Botterill recommended 8...Bg4 9.Qb3 Bxf3 10.Bxf7+ Kf8 11.gxf3 Ne5 12.Bxg8 (Stockfish10 prefers 12.Bd5!?) Rxg8 13.f4 Nf3+ 14.Kg2 Nh4+ 15.Kh1 Qd7. This is a long line but, as Botterill points out, is largely forced. Known continuations are 16.f5 and 16.c4, both aimed at keeping the black queen out of h3. But the engines reckon White can ignore this threat by playing 16.f3!! The point is that 16...Qh3 is met by 17.Rf2, eg 17...b6 18.Qd5 Re8 19.Qh5 h6 20.c4 with a winning attack against the black king. For that reason, instead of 16...Qh3, the engines suggest 16...Qc6, but Black's pieces are uncoordinated, and White is winning (Stockfish10) or at least much better (Komodo10) after 17.Qe6 or 17.Bd2.
9.e5!
Alekhine played 9.Ba3 in a 1919 win over Isakov, but Penrose came unstuck with the same move against Smyslov in 1958. The text was given by Alekhine as an improvement.
9...dxe5
Kaufman recommended 9...Nxe5 10.Nxe5 dxe5, after which the engines reckon best play is 11.Qxd8+ (Kaufman only covers 11.Qb3) Kxd8 12.Bxf7 Kxe7 13.Bb3 Be6 14.c4, as seen in Yuchtman - Semyon Furman, also in the 1959 USSR Championship, but eight rounds later. The position is unclear (Stockfish10 likes Black, but Komodo10 thinks the position is equal). In the game, White's bishop-pair and Black's somewhat-exposed king helped lead to a quick draw, although both sides could easily have played on.
10.Ng5 0-0!?
Black is two pawns up, so Tal offers the exchange to get his king to safety.
11.Ba3 Qxd1 12.Raxd1 Bf5
Not 12...Rd8? 13.Bxf7+ Kh8 14.Bb3 Re8 (best) 15.Nf7+ Kg8 16.Nd6+ etc.
13.Bxf8 Rxf8 14.Rfe1 h6 15.Nf3 Bg4 16.Rb1
The engines give 16.Bb5!? e4 17.Bxc6 bxc6 18.h3 Bh5 19.g4 Bxg4 20.hxg4 exf3 21.Rd3 Nxg4 22.Rxf3 with advantage to White, even though Black has three pawns for the exchange.
16...e4 17.Nd4 Ne5 18.Bf1 c5 19.Nb5 c4?!
The engines reckon White is only slightly better after 19...Rd8.
20.f3 Bxf3!?
Tal must have planned this combination as 20...Be6?! 21.fxe4 leaves White much better.
21.gxf3 Nxf3+ 22.Kf2 Ng4+ 23.Kg3 Nxe1 24.Rxe1 f5 25.Bxc4+
White has emerged from the complications with a bishop for three pawns. The position is unclear, but the engines prefer White.
25...Kh7 26.Be2 Ne5 27.Kf4 Ng6+ 28.Ke3 f4+ 29.Kd4
29.Kxe4?! f3 30.Nxa7 (any bishop move loses the rook) fxe2 31.Rxe2 is at best equal for White.
29...Kh8?
Tal was presumably worried about a possible pin on his knight after later pushing the e pawn, but correct is a move such as 29...Nh4, with equal chances according to the engines. The text is a mistake because it gives the white rook a tempo to get out of the potential skewer on the e file.
30.Rg1 Nh4 31.Kxe4 Re8+ 32.Kd3
Now Black only has two pawns for the bishop, and only one is a passer (1-0, 40 moves).
(To be continued)

Wednesday, 6 February 2019

Capablanca's Anti-Gambit Weapon

TURNED out for Battersea in division one of the London League against Wimbledon last night.
Ian Heppell (182) - Spanton (171)
Göring Gambit
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 d5
George Botterill in Open Gambits (Batsford, 1986) stated: "Although it is really stronger to accept the gambit, over the board the gambit is declined more often than not, which is quite understandable if Black has not come fully prepared for all the complicated tactical play that may result from acceptance."
One problem with 4...dxc3 is that White has two almost equally popular replies in 5.Nxc3 and 5.Bc4, with both moves scoring more than 60% in ChessBase's 2019 Mega database.
A repertoire book recommending acceptance is Larry Kaufman's The Chess Advantage In Black And White (McKay, 2004). He wrote: "Black can equalise by 4...d5, but I think he should try for more. Like its cousins the Morra Gambit and the Blackmar-Diemer Gambit, the Göring Gambit does not give White enough lead in development to fully offset the pawn sacrificed. That's why these gambits are almost never played by top grandmasters."
Perhaps he should have added "in modern times," because the list of strong players who have essayed 4.c3 includes Staunton, Paulsen, Blackburne, Anderssen, Tarrasch, Nimzowitsch, Lasker, Reti, Schlechter, Tal, Stein, Bronstein, Spassky, Ribli and Ljubojevic. The list since Kaufman's book was published is rather less impressive but includes several 2500+ players.
In a more recent repertoire book, Bologan's Black Weapons In The Open Games (New In Chess, 2014), Viktor Bologan rejects 4...dxc3, writing: "I was very interested in capturing the pawn (and another if White continues with 5.Bc4). However, I wasn't able to find any advantage for Black in one sideline."
It should be noted that as well as 4...d5, Black has two other important ways of declining the gambit, viz 4...d3 and 4...Nf6.
5.exd5 Qxd5 6.cxd4 Bg4 7.Be2 Bb4+ 8.Nc3 Bxf3
First played, as far as is known, by Capablanca against Marshall at Lake Hopatcong, 1926. The idea soon becomes clear.
9.Bxf3 Qc4
Preventing early castling by White.
How should White react?
10.Bxc6+
Marshall preferred 10.Be3, when Capablanca grabbed a pawn after all by 10...Bxc3+ 11.bxc3 Qxc3+. The game was quickly drawn after the further moves: 12.Kf1 Qc4+ 13.Kg1 Nge7 14.Rc1 Qxa2 15.Ra1 Qc4 16.Rc1.
Much more popular than 10.Be3 is to seek an immediate queen-exchange by 10.Qb3, but the text is most popular.
10...bxc6
Blacks originally played 10...Qxc6, but Bologan says "it very quickly became clear the blockade of the d5 square is worth doubling the c pawns."
11.Qe2+ Qxe2+ 12.Kxe2 0-0-0 13.Be3 Ne7
Bologan writes: "It's easier for White than for Black to lose this position. Why is this so? Mostly because White (often) fails to play his main trump - installing his king on c4."
14.Kd3
IH in the postmortem said this is recommended in a book he has, although he could not recall the title. Judging from Bologan's comments, the book is probably Danish Dynamite. Even so, 14.Kd3 is only fourth-most popular in Mega19.
IH said his only loss with the text came against grandmaster Oleg Korneev, and that was due to a blunder late-on.
14...Bxc3!?
This seems to be a novelty.
Bologan says 14...c5 must be played "if (Black) wants to equalise in a relaxed manner." However, my move also seems satisfactory.
15.bxc3
15.Kxc3 Nd5+ gives the knight a fine central outpost.
15...c5 16.Kc4 cxd4 17.Bxd4 Nc6
Protecting the a7 pawn as the g7 pawn is effectively taboo.
18.Rhe1
Not 18.Bxg7? as Rhg8 leaves the bishop without a useful square, eg 19.Bf6 Rd6 20.Bd4 (20.Bh4?? Rg4+) Nxd4 21.cxd4 Rxg2 with much the better game for Black.
IH regretted not playing 18.Be3, which at least keeps the game going.
18...Nxd4 19.cxd4 Rhe8 20.Rad1 ½–½
Updated statistics
Battersea 2018-19
Event...Colour...Grade...Opponent's Grade...Result
CLL.........B..........167...….........196..............…D
LL...…….B...…...167...………..159...………….D
CLL...…..B...…...167...………..161...………….W
CLL...…..B...…...167...………..190...………….D
LL...…….W...…..167...………..161...….………W
CLL...…..W...…..167...………..148...………….D
CLL...…..W...…..167...………..165...………….W
CLL...…..W...…..167...………..160...………….D
CLL...…..W...…..167...………..159...………….D
LL...…….B...…...167...………..168...………….D
LL...…….W...…..171...………..159...………….W
CLL...…..B...…...171...………..198...……….….L
CLL...…..B...…...171...………..169...…………..L
CLL...…..B...…...171...………..196...…………..L
LL...…….B...…...171...………..182...…………..D
Overall this season for Battersea I have scored +4=8-3 for a grading performance of 175.
In season 2017-18 I scored +10=8-9, also for a grading performance of 175.

Wednesday, 19 September 2018

New Season Underway

MODERN chess is a year-round activity, but league chess generally keeps to a traditional autumn-winter-spring timetable.
So it was that my second season for Battersea began today - yesterday, technically, as it has gone midnight as I type this - when I turned out for Battersea2 in division one of the Central London League against … Battersea1.
Aldo Camilleri (196) - Spanton (167)
Göring Gambit
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 d5
The most popular move in ChessBase's 2018 Mega database is accepting the gambit by 4...dxc3, but the various ways of declining - chiefly 4...d5, 4...d3, 4...Nf6 and 4...d6 - combine to outnumber the one method of acceptance.
5.exd5 Qxd5 6.cxd4 Bg4 7.Be2 Bb4+ 8.Nc3 Bxf3
I had previously preferred 8...Nf6, but singularly without success.
9.Bxf3 Qc4
Capablanca's patent, first played against Marshall at Lake Hopatcong (New Jersey) 1926.
10.Bxc6
This quickly became the main line, but Marshall chose 10.Be3. That game continued 10...Bxc3+ 11.bxc3 Qxc3+ 12.Kf1 Qc4+ 13.Kg1 Nge7 14.Rc1 Qxa2 15.Ra1 Qc4 16.Rc1 Draw agreed.
10... bxc6
Counter-intuitive, at least to me, but the 'natural' 10...Qxc6 leaves White with something of an initiative after 11.0-0. However, Stockfish9 reckons the position is dead equal, and 10...Qxc6 has been played by some strong players, including Svidler.
11.Qe2
Getting the queens off is not forced, but it seems sensible since Black is preventing White from quickly castling, and Black has more pawn weaknesses, which could prove an endgame headache.
11...Qxe2+ 12.Kxe2 0-0-0 13.Be3 Ne7
Black's position looks iffy, but is it really?
George Botterill in Open Gambits (Batsford, 1986) wrote: "There is no reason to think that Black stands worse. His doubled c pawns are quite useful, giving a firm grip on important squares."
14.Rhd1 Rhe8 15.a3 Ba5 16.Rac1?!
My main analysis engines, Stockfish9 and Komodo9, prefer 16.Rd3 and 16.Kd3.
16...Nf5
Exposing the d pawn as the weakest pawn on the board.
17.Na4
Can you find a good move for Black here?
17...Nxd4+
Winning a pawn, but Black's extra pawn is doubled and isolated, which is why the engines think the position is equal. They give 17...Bb6!, when White has the unpleasant choice of losing the d pawn in less favourable circumstances, or unisolating Black's queenside pawns by playing Nxb6.
18.Kb1 Nb3 19.Rxd8+ Rxd8 20.Rc2
I expected 20.Rxc6, which I intended meeting with 20...Kb7, when White has at best a very minimal edge thanks to his better pawn-structure.
20...Kb7 21.Ke2 Bb6
Better than the obvious 21...Nd4+, which runs into 22.Bxd4 Rxd4 23.Nc5+, eg 23...Kc8 (not 23...Kb6?? 24.b4) 24.Nb3 Rd5 25.Nxa5 Rxa5 26.Rxc6 with a drawn rook-and-pawn ending.
22.Nc5+ Nxc5 23.Bxc5 Rd5 24.Be3 Re5 25.Rc4 Bxe3 26.fxe3
Black to play and win?
So we have a rook-and-pawn ending which must be better for Black, but it is hard not to think that White has very good drawing chances.
26...Rh5 27.h3 Rb5 28.Rc2 Kb6 29.g4 h5 30.Kf3 hxg4+ 31.hxg4 Rb3 32.g5 c5 33.Kf4 c4 34.e4 Kc5 35.g6 f6
Maybe 35...fxg6 was better. It was certainly the less-likely-to-lose option.
36.Rd2 Rd3 37.Re2 Kd4 38.Kf5 Rg3 39.Rd2+ Ke3 40.Rc2 Rg5+ 41.Ke6 Rxg6 42.Rxc4 Rg2?
Better was 42...Rg4, when 43.Rxc7 Rxe4+ is very promising for Black as the f pawn is quick. Stockfish9 gives 43.Rc3+! Kxe4 44.Rc4+ Kf3 45.Rc3+ Kf2, and now 46.Rxc7, but rates Black as winning (Komodo9 reckons Black is 'merely' much better).
43.b4 Ra2 44.Rxc7 Rxa3 45.Rxg7 Kxe4 46.Kxf6 Kd5 47.Rc7 a6 48.Rc8
White offered a draw.
48...Ra4 49.Rc5+ Kd6 50.Ra5 ½-½
Black can win White's final pawn, but cannot prevent the White king from reaching a1.