Early Hedgehog

A hedgehog formation in chess comes about when one player, usually Black, arranges his forces along the back three ranks and waits for an opportune moment to counterattack.
The one exception to this is that the c pawn is advanced to the fourth rank and exchanged for the opponent's d pawn.
Without this exchange, the opening is technically not a Hedgehog, although it could still have many hedgehog-like qualities.
I always assumed using the word hedgehog to describe a chess set-up was quite a modern thing.
Indeed, according to grandmaster Lubomir Kavalek, writing online for HuffPost, "(Yugoslav GM) Ljubomir Ljubojević is credited with developing the Hedgehog in the modern era - in the early 1970s."
But Kavalek goes on to point out that the earliest known game to feature a hedgehog formation, although it was not given that name then and was only rediscovered many years later, was a game of the German GM Friedrich Sämisch in 1922.
However, the term hedgehog was already in use by the early 1950s, as I discovered while going through 500 Master Games Of Chess by Tartakower and du Mont.
Here is the opening of the game cited by Tartakower.
His comments are in italics - mine in normal type.
James Aitken - Samuel Reshevsky
Scotland - USA, Stockholm Olympiad 1937
Ruy Lopez
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 Na5 9.Bc2 c5 10.d4 Qc7 11.h3
If 11.Nbd2 is more incisive, 11.a4 bolder and 11.d5 more circumspect, the move in the text is perfectly sound.
All four moves are still played today by strong grandmasters, although most popular is 11.Nbd2.
11...0-0
A non-committal reply, which is the most widely used. Other possible continuations are 11...Bd7, followed by ...Rc8, bearing on the queenside, or 11...Nc6 on the centre, or even 11...g5 on the kingside.
11...g5?! is highly questionable, and I can find no evidence of it having ever been played. I guess Tartakower's idea is 12.Bxg5 Rg8, but then 13.h4 (or 13.a4, as preferred by Stockfish10 and Komodo9) seems to simply leave Black a pawn down with little compensation.
12.Nbd2 Nc6 13.d5
He decides to block the centre in order to concentrate on the kingside. Other playable lines are 13.a4 or 13.Nf1, with the positional sacrifice of a pawn.
Lasker and Tarrasch debated the sacrifice line in their 1908 world championship match, playing 13...cxd4 14.cxd4 Nxd4 15.Nxd4 exd4. In game three Lasker played 16.Ng3 and lost; in game five he chose 16.Bg5 and won. Note that 16.Qxd4?? is a gross blunder because of 16...Qxc2.
13...Nd8
A playable alternative is 13...Nb8.
14.Nf1
Without interpolating the interesting episode 14.a4, White unwaveringly pursues the object he has set himself by the preceding move: a direct kingside attack.
14...Ne8
Black's counterplay aims at effecting the counterthrust ...f5.
15.g4
Preventing, as it does, the enemy threat, this move is more energetic than 15.Ng3.
15...g6 16.Bh6
Or at once 16.Ng3.
16...Ng7 17.Ng3 f6
There is a great deal of resistance in the "hedgehog position" which Black has adopted.

There are 54 games with this position in ChessBase's 2019 Mega database

OK, today this would not be recognised as a Hedgehog, but Black's kingside does have a spindly hedgehog appearance.
The remaining moves were: 18.Kh1 Nf7 19.Be3 Kh8 20.Rg1 Bd7 21.Qe2 c4 22.Nd2 Rg8 23.Rg2 Raf8 24.f3 Qc8 25.Rag1 f5 26.Nxf5 gxf5 27.exf5 Nxf5 28.gxf5 Bxf5 29.Rxg8+ Rxg8 30.Rxg8+ Kxg8 31.Qg2+ Kf8 32.Bxf5 Qxf5 33.Ne4 h5 34.Kh2 Qh7 35.Qd2 Nh8 36.Bg5 Qf5 37.Bxe7+ Kxe7 38.Qf2 Nf7 39.Qa7+ Kf8 40.Qb8+ Kg7 41.Kg2 Qf4 42.Qa7 Qc1 43.Nxd6 Qd2+ 44.Kf1 Qxd5 45.Ne4 h4 46.Qf2 Qd1+ 47.Kg2 Qd8 48.Qa7 Qd3 49.Qf2 Qb1 50.Qxh4 Qxb2+ 51.Kg3 Kf8 52.Qf6 Qc1 53.Qxa6 Qg1+ 54.Kh4 Qe3 55.Qc8+ Kg7 56.Qg4+ Kf8 57.Qc8+ Kg7 ½-½